فصلنامه آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 55، پاییز 1399)

Somatic cell count (SCC) is one of the most important factors about milk hygiene. It is known as an indicator of breast inflammation. Massage improves level of cellular immunity. This investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of massage on udder immune system according to SCC and milk production. For this purpose, 14 cows were chosen in the same age (three years old) which all of them were high-producing one. Every single cow had given birth three months ago. Then, cows were divided into test and control groups. Test group were given massage twice a day for four weeks. During investigation, rate of SCC was measured one time every week. The rate of milk production in the first week in which no massage was operated and in the sixth week which was the last week of massaging, were evaluated. Results show dramatic increase of SCC but it was not significant (p>0.05) but, the decrease of milk production was significant (p < 0.05) in test group. SCC difference weren’t significant between test and control group in except in third week. In this study there weren’t any significant relations (p>0.05) between milk production and SCC but the difference average of milk yield between control and test group at the end of the sixth week compared to the first week was significant (p < 0.05). Results shows that long-term massage is stressful and decrease the level of udder immunity and this cause decrease milk production.

Strangles is one of the most important infectious diseases of equids caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. The disease is characterized by fever, anorexia, lethargy, purulent nasal discharge, and lymphadenopathy, particularly of the lymph nodes of the head and neck. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence rate of S. equi infection in apparently healthy working horses of Urmia (northwest Iran).

Sera from 46 healthy horses were tested by enzyme linked immunosrobent assay (ELISA) kit (ID Screen S. equi Indirect) to detect IgG to S. equi M protein (SeM) antigen. Data were analyzed for effect of sex and age on seropositivity by chi-squared, fisher’s exact and logistic regression tests.

A total of 73.9% (95% CI: 61.2-86.6%) of samples were positive for S. equi antibodies. Seropositivity was not affected by age (p> 0.05) and sex (p> 0.05). In regression analysis only age was significant between predictor variables. Odds of infection between the age based on year and disease was 1.403 (95% CI: 1.006-1.958), and age explained 0.339% of infection’s fluctuations.

The final summary of results indicates that exposure to S. equi is very high in apparently healthy working horses of Urmia region.

Cardiac index is a criterion associated with cardiac output that measures the volume of blood pumped over time to the animal’s body surface area. Cardiac index is considered the reference standard parameter for targeting organ perfusion and oxygen delivery in shock.

For this purpose, ten mixed-breed male dogs ranging in age from 1.5 to 3.5 years were selected and after determination of body surface area, cardiac output was measured by Doppler echocardiography in eight stages. After induction of anesthesia and recording of vital signs, cardiac index evaluation was performed in control stage. Hypovolemic shock was induced by blood withdrawal to a mean arterial pressure of 40 to 50 mmHg within 30 minutes and then maintained for additional 30 minutes under hypovolemic condition. The dogs were then randomly divided into two equal groups, each group was resuscitated with Ringer's lactate solution (20 ml/kg) or 6% hydroxyethyl starch (5 ml/kg) over four 15-min intervals.

Hypovolemic shock caused significantly decrease in cardiac index (2.3±0.1) compared to control stage (4.8±0.6) (p < 0.05). Following resuscitation, cardiac index increased and returned to pre-shock values in both groups.

According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac index is an easy, affordable and reliable method to diagnose hypovolemia and monitor patients' response to fluid therapy.Conflict of interest: None declared.

The traditional methods of diagnosing Salmonella are still used to identify Salmonella serotypes in clinical and food samples, which are time-consuming and sometimes problematic that with the invention of rapid molecular detection methods, these problems have been largely eliminated. The present study aimed to rapidly detect different Salmonella isolates based on invA chromosomal gene search and also to identify acute isolates containing spv operon virulence genes. To this end, 20 human isolates of Salmonella were obtained from hospitals in Tabriz and 20 isolates of this bacterium were isolated from the traditional cheese available on Tabriz consumer market. First, using specific primers of invA gene, molecular confirmation of isolates was evaluated using simplex PCR method. Then, in order to evaluate the acute strains of the bacterium based on the presence of operon spv, the presence of spvA, B, C, R genes was examined by multiplex PCR using the relevant specific primers. The results showed that firstly, all isolates had molecular confirmation. Secondly, all 40 isolates tested had 3 spvA, C, R genes, but none of them had spvB gene. It seems that due to the limitations and problems in the traditional laboratory examination of Salmonella, PCR can be used as a rapid method to detect Salmonella infection. Also, the presence of 3 genes out of 4 virulence genes of opron spv in different Salmonella isolates in Tabriz region should be considered an undesirable finding, which emphasizes the need to observe more principles of control and prevention in animal and human communities.

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is secreted by cardiac myocytes and it`s plasma concentration often increases in patients with cardiovascular disease in response to blood volume expansion and stretching of cardiac chambers. Increase in plasma concentration of ANP (CpANP) has been proved in humans with cardiac diseases and horses with left-sided valvular disease. This study aimed to investigate plasma ANP level in horses with pulmonic valve regurgitation and its association with echocardiographic parameters. Clinical and echocardiographic examinations were performed on several jumping horses in the equestrian clubs of Tehran, Iran. 11 horses with pulmonic valve regurgitation were identified by echocardiographic examination and were included in the case group (Group A), and 14 healthy horses were taken as the control group (Group B). Then, B-Mode, M-Mode and doppler echocardiographic parameters were measured and compared between the two groups. Blood samples from jugular vein were collected in tubes and were transferred to laboratory.CpANP was measured by Sandwich ELISA method using a horse specific kit.CpANP of horses in group1 and group2 were 6.39±2.87pg/ml and 4.78±2.45 pg/ml respectively, but no significant differences were observed.Except for right ventricular internal diameter, other echocardiographic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups.CpANP was significantly correlated to systolic right ventricle length and left ventricular width. In conclusion no significant differences were observed between CpANP of healthy horses and horses with pulmonic regurgitation. Based on the Correlation between CpANP and right ventricle length, an elevation in CpANP might be expected in severe pulmonic regurgitation with change in ventricle`s dimensions.

The aim of this study was to the molecular identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum species in cattle and sheep in Gilan province. For this purpose, during the year 1397, 200 blood samples of cattle, and 200 blood samples from sheep were collected via the jugular vein randomly from different parts of Gilan province. The extracted DNA from blood cells were amplified by Anaplasma-all primers, which amplify an approximately 1468bp DNA fragment from region of 16S rRNA gene from various members of the genus Anaplasma. 70 (35%) out of 200 cows blood samples and 38 (19%) out of 200 sheep blood samples were Anaplasma spp. positive by first PCR.All cows positive samples, were analysed for the presence of A. phagocytophilum and 66 of cows blood samples (33%) were positive for A.phagocytophilum.Also, sheep positive samples with proprietary nested-PCR, were analysed for the presence of A. phagocytophilum and 10 of sheep blood samples (5%) were positive for A.phagocytophilum.This study was the first molecular detection of A.phagocytophilum species in cattle and sheep in Gilan province. The chi-square test was used to compare the percentage of A. phagocytophilum contamination of cattles and sheep in association with different seasons, different ages, animal Gender, above sea level, Carriers and type of animal husbandry (semi-industrial-traditional). The results of this comparison show Only the abundance of A. phagocytophilum species in sheep in Gilan province had a significant difference between the first and second half of the year (p < /p>

Anticancer drug that used in treatment of cancer has negative effect on some organs that rapid division such as testis tissue. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist may has a preventive effect on spermatogenic defect produced by anticancer drug such as cyclophosphamide. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the preventive effect of GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) on cyclophosphamide-induced defect. In the present study, thirty adult male mice aging 6-8 weeks were divided into three groups; control group, Experimental 1 (50mg/kg BW cetrorelix with cyclophosphamide, intraperiteonally) and Experimental 2 (0.25 mg/kg, intraperiteonally). The mice were sacrificed 35 days after the last injection of cetrorelix and testes speciemen were isolated for histomorphological and ultrastructure studies. Histomorphometric studies of the seminiferous tubules in Experimental 1 showed significantly decreased in the number of sertoli cells and the thickness of germinal epithelium (p < 0.05). Ultrastrctural study revealed that several intercellular spaces appear between sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells, and also there were a lot of degenerated mitochondria in the sertoli cells. In Experimental 2, condition was similar to control group to someextand. These results demonstrated that cetrorelix can protect germinal epithelium of testis to someextand against side effects of cyclophosphamide.

Coenurosis and Listerial encephalitis are two diseases of the central nervous system in sheep. In September 2018, one 18-month-old male sheep was referred to the Tehran University Veterinary Hospital with complaints of dullness, depression and anorexia. In observation and clinical examination, within 1 hour, the signs of dullness, depression, 39 C° temperature, unilateral blindness on the left, clonic seizure, head deviation to the left, stiffness of the limbs, circling in a circular path and head tilt were recorded. After clinical examination, the patient's sheep underwent hematological laboratory tests and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and were then dissected in sterile conditions. Neutrophilic-eosinophilic pleocytosis was present in the cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid and in autopsy, a cyst containing protoscolex was observed in the affected brain that the scolexes inside it, were examined by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), which confirmed the presence of Coenuosis cerebralis. The brain sample was then subjected to bacterial culture (with cold enrichment) and histopathological examination. The presence of Listeria monocytogenes bacteria was identified during biochemical and PCR investigations. In histopathological study of brain tissue, meningoencephalitis and mononuclear cell infiltration around the cyst were observed. After bacterial isolation, the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates was determined Which was most sensitive to penicillin antibiotic. In the survey of relevant herd status, the consumption of low quality silage with an acidity of 5.8 and the presence of 15 free dogs in the pasture were recorded.